Conquests of Rome
Rome had a powerful army, Lazio won first, after the Italian peninsula. He organized the conquered peoples, and they demanded a tribute they imposed their civilization.
Punic Wars
From Latin Punic: Carthaginian. War between Rome and Carthage, lasted just over 100 years. In the Roman patriotism was the highest virtue, the Carthaginians were busy accumulating wealth. Carthage was besieged, conquered and destroyed by the Romans. He got well, North Africa and Spain (now Spain).
Rome's conquests in the Republic were: Macedonia, Greece, Turkey, Syria and Egypt. The Gaul (France, Belgium, Switzerland), to the Rhine
More domains Carthaginians of North Africa and Spain.
Civil Wars
With the conquest of East Rome enters Hellenism, transforming their customs. The power struggle of some general cause civil war that lasted for 80 years.
They form the first triumvirate: Crassus - Pompey and Caesar, the latter prevails and is appointed Pompey dictator, Julius Caesar is assassinated, leaving the government in the hands of Lepidus and Octavian. Antony and Octavian felt rivals, Octavio what wins - 27 and will proclaim the name of Emperor Augustus.
Empire
From - 27 begins the Roman Empire, Augustus retained in the Republic appearances but his government was an absolute ruler.
At this time there is the birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
Cultural heritage
Roma continued and spread Greek culture.
Excelled in Literature and Poetry: Horace and Virgil - Speaking: Cicero - Philosophy: Seneca.
In architecture built basilicas, amphitheatres and circuses.
In his figures were humanized sculpture, reliefs important.
Most important was their right: Twelve Tables, Justinian Code, land laws. There is an inspiration in modern jurisprudence.
Public schools were established, teachers were prohibited corporal punishment. Higher education was provided by the State. They wrote on papyrus and parchment sheets, wax tablets also. The militia and war occupied a very important role.

Greece

Historical time

In the 1200 B.C. Dorians invaded the Peloponnesus, dominate the Achaeans and Ionians expel take refuge in Attica. Begin to disappear, leaving only small kingdoms prevailing two states: Athens and Sparta.

Greek expansion

The causes population growth and commercial led Ionians, Aeolians and Achaeans to found colonies in Asia Minor (Smyrna), Gaul, now France (Marseilles), Italy (Naples-Syracuse), Spain (Terragona), and Africa (Carthage). This time decreases the power of the nobility and ta increases the traders who had accumulated great wealth. Peasants and serfs are dissatisfied

Anarchy: no government, disorder, confusion. In this situation wise men be chosen, balanced, or be elected lawmakers called men who rule by force, abuse of authority.

Athenian Imperialism

After the last winning Greek medical wars. Sparta was not in favor of continuing the struggle. Athens decided to continue it for free the Ionian colonies of Asia Minor.

Delian League: formed by several Greek cities and led Athens to face potential attacks Persians. Athens was not content to lead this movement but did prevail political weight, introduced its currency and favored the emergence of democratic regimes similar to driving suyo.Con Athens gained independence from the Ionian cities.

The rival cities

Sparta and Athens

These cities were separated by the ambition of both to take over in Greece. This rivalry led to the Peloponnesian War.

The war lasted 30 years (432-402 BC), in which Athens was defeated by Sparta.

Sparta was in turn defeated by Thebes after, with the leadership of Epaminondas, and all Greece weakened by infighting was conquered by King Philip of Macedonia, at the Battle of Chaeronea the Theban army was defeated Athens and all Greece was in power of Philip.

The empire of Alexander the Great

Philip died, he was succeeded by his son, Alexander, heir to the throne of Macedonia. Was to master the great philosopher Aristotle.

At the head of a large army conquered Asia Minor, Phoenicia and Egypt, where he founded the city of Alexandria (332 BC).

In 330 B.C. Achaemenides was absolute master, whose last king was Darius III. Continuing his conquests reached India and submitted.

The conquests of Alexander the Great united two civilizations: the East with the West. He trained and Hellenistic civilization, which prevailed for three centuries, until the Roman imposed there.

When Alexander died, the empire was divided among his generals, forming three kingdoms:

The Macedonia which included Greece, Asia and Egypt.

Greece conquered by Rome

The national disunity and rivalry that always existed between the cities of Greece, brought the decline of the Greek people.

Greece was conquered by Rome and became a Roman province in 146 BC

Taken from: www.escolared.com.ar